Deutsch 
English 
Normal language texts do not only express descriptions and evaluations, but also assumptions concerning causes and effects. They express attitudes concerning causal connections that have been gained on the basis of empirical experience gathered over longer periods of time or through personal exchanges with other individuals. Such causal assumptions can be used as arguments to provide a basis for rational decision making.
States of affairs or properties, which according to the opinion of the interviewees/individuals interviewed can change, are called variables. The growth of the dependent characteristic/property is indicated by an arrow/ the reduction/diminuition is indicated by a line with a circle (cf. the above figure). The causal network is used to identify possible aims and measures and to assess positive effects and negative side effects.